The Problem With Condom Jars for 12-Year-Old Kids

Opinion

I first heard about the Teen Wellness Center at T.C. Williams High School in Alexandria, Va., and how the center was offering condoms to patients as young as twelve years old, while watching the Thursday, July 19 ?Culture War? segment on ?The O?Reilly Factor.? The story was also covered a week before it was mentioned on ?The Factor? by CNS News.com. The story is that at this wellness center at T.C. Williams High School, patients of the clinic between the ages of 12 and 19 can help themselves to free condoms in a large jar visible right when walking into the lobby.

In a telephone interview with CNSNews.com, Dr. Stephen Haering, director of the Alexandria Health Department, mentions ?that anybody that?s coming who?s sexually active, we advise them, we highly recommend that they include their parents.? Well, that?s nice that they ?highly recommend? parent involvement. As guest?Gretchen Carlson on ?The Factor? points out, though, ?[h]ere?s the amazing thing[: y]ou need parental consent to get an immunization, a physical, or to participate in sports, but not to get your hands on condoms.? Permission to participate in sports is a big deal, as it is to get an immunization or a physical. But to engage in sexual activity, protected or not, is also quite a big deal ? maybe even more so, what with the emotions involved and the possible physical consequences of sex.

What was also mentioned in the segment when it aired and is in the CNSNews.com article is the fact that it is considered statutory rape, according to the state, for those 15-year-old and under to engage in sex. Yet the clinic states several times that the age bracket for its patients includes those as young as 12-year-old. I understand that the teen clinic is doing its part to protect sexually active teens from disease and pregnancy, but I would prefer some consistency. The article does mention that those 15 and under are referred to Social Services, but if the clinic is to truly protect young teens from state defined rape then proper measures should be put into place to see that the clinic was not promoting this illegal activity.

The second guest on ?The Factor,? Jeanine Pirro, endorsed (albeit reluctantly) condom handouts in school clinics when she said,??I come at this as a judge and a district attorney and we have all seen the consequences of children having children ? abused and neglected children and abortion and sexually transmitted diseases. So the bottom line for me is, I hate it, I don?t like to normalize teen sexual behavior, but let?s deal with the fact that 47% of children in high school have already had sex.?

I agree with Jeanine Pirro in that I don?t like to normalize teen sexual behavior, either. I understand that some teens are going to engage in sex, and I am in no way denying that. I would prefer programs be taught with a focus on abstinence and its benefits rather than those that go into detail about different kinds of sexual activity which students may engage in and use contraception for. I can also see the merits of some more comprehensive programs which do teach students about and remind them to use contraception if they are or are going to be sexually active. We can still acknowledge the fact that some teenagers are having sex without having to normalize the behavior, which handing out free condoms in a large jar does. To me, it says something like, oh, you?re having sex? Don?t worry about taking responsibility and providing birth control for yourself ? we?ll take away that responsibility and do it for you!

I am 21, and thus no longer a teenager. My 19-year-old boyfriend, however, still is one. We both went to public school, where we were taught and reminded about using protection when sexually active, and we are aware of how to prevent diseases and unplanned pregnancies. Neither of our high schools had clinics or health centers that provided free condoms. We also met at Fordham, a Catholic university, which does not provide condoms or birth control at the health center.

However, if we chose to engage in premarital sex, we would still be able to do so while protecting ourselves. I am someone who is against birth control pills because of the health risks associated and other side effects, not to mention the fact that some birth control pills may act as an abortifacient. If I were to go on birth control, though, I would have access to it by filling a prescription from my doctor at a pharmacy or by going to a Title X clinic. Condoms, which are not an age-restricted item, can be purchased at a pharmacy, a grocery store, Target, or Walmart, just to name a few.

My boyfriend and I would be the ones engaging in sex. If we could not afford change needed to buy condoms ourselves, well then the smart and responsible course of action would be not to have sex. Us not being able to acquire condoms would be a funds issue, certainly not an access issue. I do not believe in school clinics providing my boyfriend with free condoms, or in one of our parents buying condoms for us. It is our decision to have sex, and thus, it is our responsibility to take proper precautions and measures.

Let me be clear that I am not against teen condom usage. Condoms protect against unplanned pregnancies and diseases. However, part of the responsibility of the parties engaged in the sexual activity must be an acknowledgment that condoms are not 100 percent effective, even when used correctly, and thus a pregnancy may still result from sexual intercourse even when protection is used. Teens are taught to be responsible with their sexual decisions (which could include remaining abstinent) or at least they should be. I do not see how giving teens handouts of free condoms, and thus inviting them to have sex, is consistent in teaching responsibility for one?s actions and decisions. It also raises the question as to what those engaging in sexual activity will do when they no longer are patients of a teen clinic. They will have to then acquire condoms or birth control on their own. Since it will happen at some point, it may as well happen at the start.

Since there is no issue of access for acquiring contraceptives, I wonder at the need for such clinics in the first place, besides the fact that it takes out the responsibility component. Assuming that these clinics operate where students are already learning about condoms and other forms of birth control, it seems that such clinics may be more than just redundant in reminding students of the value of safe sex. What I find to be the issue, then, is how these school clinics expose teens to sex.

Again, I know that some teens are having sex and the teens who are not know about sex, which is rampant in our culture. There are programs that teach about sex and sexual practices as well, and while such programs may be necessary and helpful in teaching and reminding students about the consequences of sex, they can also go too far?in exposing teens and children even younger to sex.?If these programs are meant to teach about sexuality, what is a clinic that has free condoms visibly available in the lobby? It no longer is merely helpful or necessary, but rather becomes enabling.

I believe that it is absolutely normal for teens to think about sex and have desires. At the same time, though, I do not think it necessary for schools to perpetuate such desires and encourage sexual behavior, which is what they are doing when they provide handouts. Yes, the article mentions that ?teens are told that abstinence is the ?healthiest choice,?? but it doesn?t seem like a school has much respect for abstinence when free condoms are on display and available for the taking. Teens who may have had healthy desires when it came to sex, but still knew it best to control them and remain abstinent, instead are invited to engage in teen sex because of a school clinic that enables them to do so.

I recognize that certain programs which involve teaching about contraception, when run properly and with parents? knowledge and consent, may be necessary and helpful. It is normal and natural for teens to have thoughts, urges and desires when it comes to sexuality, and pretending that it isn?t does nothing to solve any problems. Sexual urges can be controlled, however, and teens can be taught responsibility.

Condom usage is good in the sense that it is an effective (though not 100 percent) measure in protecting unplanned pregnancies and disease. There is, however, a difference between reminding teens about the dangers of unprotected sex and the benefits of using protection, and needlessly exposing teens to sexual behavior that they cannot?responsibly?manage. Teaching teens to be responsible with their decisions ends, though, when handouts of free condoms are provided, thus enabling teens to think that they are entitled to become dependent on others to fund their sexuality.

About Rebecca Downs

Rebecca Downs is a recent graduate of Fordham University, where she was involved in the Respect for Life club there. She is currently looking for a position in the pro-life moment. She first became interested in the Live Action campaign at the March for Life in 2010. This year's March for Life was especially important because she was able to bring along her boyfriend, a pro life convert, for his first March. View all posts by Rebecca Downs ?

Source: http://liveactionnews.org/opinion/the-problem-with-condom-jars-for-12-year-old-kids/

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Source: http://www.elea2010.com/2012/07/great-design-for-the-family-room.html

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Scientists use microbes to make 'clean' methane

ScienceDaily (July 27, 2012) ? Microbes that convert electricity into methane gas could become an important source of renewable energy, according to scientists from Stanford and Pennsylvania State universities.

Researchers at both campuses are raising colonies of microorganisms, called methanogens, which have the remarkable ability to turn electrical energy into pure methane -- the key ingredient in natural gas. The scientists' goal is to create large microbial factories that will transform clean electricity from solar, wind or nuclear power into renewable methane fuel and other valuable chemical compounds for industry.

"Most of today's methane is derived from natural gas, a fossil fuel," said Alfred Spormann, a professor of chemical engineering and of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford. "And many important organic molecules used in industry are made from petroleum. Our microbial approach would eliminate the need for using these fossil resources."

While methane itself is a formidable greenhouse gas, 20 times more potent than CO₂, the microbial methane would be safely captured and stored, thus minimizing leakage into the atmosphere, Spormann said.

"The whole microbial process is carbon neutral," he explained. "All of the CO₂ released during combustion is derived from the atmosphere, and all of the electrical energy comes from renewables or nuclear power, which are also CO₂-free."

Methane-producing microbes, he added, could help solve one of the biggest challenges for large-scale renewable energy: What to do with surplus electricity generated by photovoltaic power stations and wind farms.

"Right now there is no good way to store electricity," Spormann said. "However, we know that some methanogens can produce methane directly from an electrical current. In other words, they metabolize electrical energy into chemical energy in the form of methane, which can be stored. Understanding how this metabolic process works is the focus of our research. If we can engineer methanogens to produce methane at scale, it will be a game changer."

'Green' methane

Burning natural gas accelerates global warming by releasing carbon dioxide that's been trapped underground for millennia. The Stanford and Penn State team is taking a "greener" approach to methane production. Instead of drilling rigs and pumps, the scientists envision large bioreactors filled with methanogens -- single-cell organisms that resemble bacteria but belong to a genetically distinct group of microbes called archaea.

By human standards, a methanogen's lifestyle is extreme. It cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. Instead, it regularly dines on atmospheric carbon dioxideand electrons borrowed from hydrogen gas. The byproduct of this microbial meal is pure methane, which methanogens excrete into the atmosphere.

The researchers plan to use this methane to fuel airplanes, ships and vehicles. In the ideal scenario, cultures of methanogens would be fed a constant supply of electrons generated from emissions-free power sources, such as solar cells, wind turbines and nuclear reactors. The microbes would use these clean electrons to metabolize carbon dioxide into methane, which can then be stockpiled and distributed via existing natural gas facilities and pipelines when needed.

When the microbial methane is burnt as fuel, carbon dioxide would be recycled back into the atmosphere where it originated from -- unlike conventional natural gas combustion, which contributes to global warming.

"Microbial methane is much more ecofriendly than ethanol and other biofuels," Spormann said. "Corn ethanol, for example, requires acres of cropland, as well as fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation and fermentation. Methanogens are much more efficient, because they metabolize methane in just a few quick steps."

Microbial communities

For this new technology to become commercially viable, a number of fundamental challenges must be addressed.

"While conceptually simple, there are significant hurdles to overcome before electricity-to-methane technology can be deployed at a large scale," said Bruce Logan, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Penn State. "That's because the underlying science of how these organisms convert electrons into chemical energy is poorly understood."

In 2009, Logan's lab was the first to demonstrate that a methanogen strain known as Methanobacterium palustre could convert an electrical current directly into methane. For the experiment, Logan and his Penn State colleagues built a reverse battery with positive and negative electrodes placed in a beaker of nutrient-enriched water.

The researchers spread a biofilm mixture of M. palustre and other microbial species onto the cathode. When an electrical current was applied, the M. palustre began churning out methane gas.

"The microbes were about 80 percent efficient in converting electricity to methane," Logan said.

The rate of methane production remained high as long as the mixed microbial community was intact. But when a previously isolated strain of pure M. palustre was placed on the cathode alone, the rate plummeted, suggesting that methanogens separated from other microbial species are less efficient than those living in a natural community.

"Microbial communities are complex," Spormann added. "For example, oxygen-consuming bacteria can help stabilize the community by preventing the build-up of oxygen gas, which methanogens cannot tolerate. Other microbes compete with methanogens for electrons. We want to identify the composition of different communities and see how they evolve together over time."

Microbial zoo

To accomplish that goal, Spormann has been feeding electricity to laboratory cultures consisting of mixed strains of archaea and bacteria. This microbial zoo includes bacterial species that compete with methanogensfor carbon dioxide_, which the bacteria use to make acetate -- an important ingredient in vinegar, textiles and a variety of industrial chemicals.

"There might be organisms that are perfect for making acetate or methane but haven't been identified yet," Spormann said. "We need to tap into the unknown, novel organisms that are out there."

At Penn State, Logan's lab is designing and testing advanced cathode technologies that will encourage the growth of methanogens and maximize methane production. The Penn State team is also studying new materials for electrodes, including a carbon-mesh fabric that could eliminate the need for platinum and other precious metal catalysts.

"Many of these materials have only been studied in bacterial systems but not in communities with methanogens or other archaea," Logan said. "Our ultimate goal is to create a cost-effective system that reliably and robustly produces methane from clean electrical energy. It's high-risk, high-reward research, but new approaches are needed for energy storage and for making useful organic molecules without fossil fuels."

The Stanford-Penn State research effort is funded by a three-year grant from the Global Climate and Energy Project at Stanford.

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Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120727144534.htm

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Senate hopeful Dewhurst leans on old-guard GOP

AUSTIN, Texas (AP) ? As tea party superstars smelling an upset close ranks around conservative insurgent candidate Ted Cruz, traditional Republican favorite David Dewhurst is leaning on his party's old guard.

The Texas lieutenant governor is hoping to regain the air of inevitability that once made him look like a slam-dunk in the race for U.S. Senate.

Dewhurst racked up another key endorsement on Thursday, appearing at a running-shoe shop in Austin with Texas Comptroller Susan Combs, who said the state has $6.1 billion saved in its rainy day fund because Dewhurst kept state lawmakers from raiding it.

"David Dewhurst, in the Senate, held the line in keeping that money set aside for the future," Combs said.

Cruz and Dewhurst square off Tuesday in a runoff election, with the winner considered the overwhelming favorite to prevail in November's general election.

Dewhurst has overseen the state Senate since 2003 from the powerful lieutenant governor's post. He has been endorsed by Gov. Rick Perry and most of the Texas GOP establishment in the race for the Republican nomination to replace retiring U.S. Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison.

He beat Cruz by 10 percentage points in the May 29 state primary but fell short of an outright majority in a field featuring nine Republican senate hopefuls.

Combs' nod came as state Sen. Dan Patrick, a Houston Republican, also endorsed Dewhurst. Patrick is a tea party favorite himself and has clashed frequently with the lieutenant governor, but he also got into a high-profile yelling match with Cruz during a recent radio interview. The race has become one of the nation's most-watched ? seen as a test of the tea party's grassroots prowess against mainstream Republicans in Texas who don't lose many elections: a Democrat has not won statewide office here since 1994.

But this time the challenge is coming from the far-right, and coming hard. Cruz was in Dallas on Thursday for a major tea party rally featuring U.S. Sens. Rand Paul of Kentucky and Mike Lee of Utah, as well as radio host Glenn Beck and former U.S. Rep. from Texas, Dick Armey ? chairman of the grassroots group FreedomWorks.

Meanwhile, the Tea Party Express parked a bus doubling as a "mobile phone bank" in the Dallas suburb of Irving to get out the vote for Cruz.

Another major Cruz bash Friday in Houston was expected to feature former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin. She had previously recorded a phone message to voters for Cruz but had not traveled to Texas on his behalf.

Cruz, the former state solicitor general, strikes a fiery, populist tone. The tea party also has targeted Dewhurst because, while he has overseen some of the most conservative legislatures in Texas history, he has also occasionally compromised with Democrats to approve key legislation.

Dewhurst also has a halting, at times uneasy speaking style. But he says he never reached out to national tea party leaders because he's been too focused on Texas issues.

"I'm comfortable that there are more Dewhurst voters in Texas than Cruz voters," Dewhurst said Thursday. "The challenge to both of us is turnout."

A court battle over redistricting maps pushed the Texas primary from Super Tuesday to May 29, which means the runoff is coming when many Texans may be on vacation. About 1.4 million people voted in the primary, but fewer than 1 million are likely to return for a second round of balloting.

Cruz has gotten millions of dollars from national conservative groups, including the Washington-based Club for Growth. Dewhurst, who has a personal fortune topping $200 million as the owner of an energy business, has lent his campaign more than $10 million. Both sides have flooded the airwaves statewide, with Dewhurst attacking Cruz as beholden to his out-of-state benefactors and Cruz branding the lieutenant governor as a two-faced moderate.

Cruz has vowed to win the runoff, saying his supporters are motivated enough to turn out no matter what.

"We're seeing very strong enthusiasm among our base. Not only voters, but volunteers who are block-walking, phone-banking and pouring their blood, sweat and tears into this campaign," said James Bernsen, a spokesman for the Cruz campaign.

Dewhurst is countering by campaigning with Perry the day before the election, visiting a San Antonio veterans center before heading to a joint fundraiser in Dallas.

But the lieutenant governor is also quietly mobilizing his own supporters. He's using networks of volunteers organized by groups across the state that have endorsed him, including the Texas Association of Business and the Texas Farm Bureau, which is especially strong in rural areas ? where Dewhurst largely beat Cruz handily during the primary.

Also Monday, Dewhurst will make his first visit to his campaign's major phone-banking operation in Dallas to fire-up his hardcore supporters. Perry will also be there as will the Republican third- and fourth-place finishers in the primary, former Dallas Mayor Tom Leppert and ex-NFL running back and ESPN commentator Craig James ? both of whom have since endorsed the lieutenant governor.

"They're not just endorsing us and 'see you later,'" said Dewhurst spokesman Matt Hirsch. "They're out there campaigning for us."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/senate-hopeful-dewhurst-leans-old-guard-gop-215101684.html

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Photovoltaics from any semiconductor

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Berkeley Lab technology could open door to more widespread solar energy devices

A technology that would enable low-cost, high efficiency solar cells to be made from virtually any semiconductor material has been developed by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley. This technology opens the door to the use of plentiful, relatively inexpensive semiconductors, such as the promising metal oxides, sulfides and phosphides, that have been considered unsuitable for solar cells because it is so difficult to taylor their properties by chemical means.

"It's time we put bad materials to good use," says physicist Alex Zettl, who led this research along with colleague Feng Wang. "Our technology allows us to sidestep the difficulty in chemically tailoring many earth abundant, non-toxic semiconductors and instead tailor these materials simply by applying an electric field."

Zettl, who holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division and UC Berkeley's Physics Department where he directs the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS), is the corresponding author of a paper describing this work in the journal Nano Letters. The paper is titled "Screening-

Engineered Field-Effect Solar Cells." Co-authoring it were William Regan, Steven Byrnes, Will Gannett, Onur Ergen, Oscar Vazquez-Mena and Feng Wang.

Solar cells convert sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect meaning they absorb photons and release electrons that can be channeled into an electrical current. Photovoltaics are the ultimate source of clean, green and renewable energy but today's technologies utilize relatively scarce and expensive semiconductors, such as large crystals of silicon, or thin films of cadmium telluride or copper indium gallium selenide, that are tricky or expensive to fabricate into devices.

"Solar technologies today face a cost-to-efficiency trade-off that has slowed widespread implementation," Zettl says. "Our technology reduces the cost and complexity of fabricating solar cells and thereby provides what could be an important cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative that would accelerate the usage of solar energy."

This new technology is called "screening-engineered field-effect photovoltaics," or SFPV, because it utilizes the electric field effect, a well understood phenomenon by which the concentration of charge-carriers in a semiconductor is altered by the application of an electric field. With the SFPV technology, a carefully designed partially screening top electrode lets the gate electric field sufficiently penetrate the electrode and more uniformly modulate the semiconductor carrier concentration and type to induce a p-n junction. This enables the creation of high quality p-n junctions in semiconductors that are difficult if not impossible to dope by conventional chemical methods.

"Our technology requires only electrode and gate deposition, without the need for high-temperature chemical doping, ion implantation, or other expensive or damaging processes," says lead author William Regan. "The key to our success is the minimal screening of the gate field which is achieved through geometric structuring of the top electrode. This makes it possible for electrical contact to and carrier modulation of the semiconductor to be performed simultaneously."

Under the SFPV system, the architecture of the top electrode is structured so that at least one of the electrode's dimensions is confined. In one configuration, working with copper oxide, the Berkeley researchers shaped the electrode contact into narrow fingers; in another configuration, working with silicon, they made the top contact ultra-thin (single layer graphene) across the surface. With sufficiently narrow fingers, the gate field creates a low electrical resistance inversion layer between the fingers and a potential barrier beneath them. A uniformly thin top contact allows gate fields to penetrate and deplete/invert the underlying semiconductor. The results in both configurations are high quality p-n junctions.

Says co-author Feng Wang, "Our demonstrations show that a stable, electrically contacted p-n junction can be achieved with nearly any semiconductor and any electrode material through the application of a gate field provided that the electrode is appropriately geometrically structured."

The researchers also demonstrated the SFPV effect in a self-gating configuration, in which the gate was powered internally by the electrical activity of the cell itself.

"The self-gating configuration eliminates the need for an external gate power source, which will simplify the practical implementation of SFPV devices," Regan says. "Additionally, the gate can serve a dual role as an antireflection coating, a feature already common and necessary for high efficiency photovoltaics."

###

This research was supported in part by the DOE Office of Science and in part by the National Science Foundation.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) addresses the world's most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab's scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. For more, visit www.lbl.gov.

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 26-Jul-2012
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Contact: Lynn Yarris
lcyarris@lbl.gov
510-486-5375
DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley Lab technology could open door to more widespread solar energy devices

A technology that would enable low-cost, high efficiency solar cells to be made from virtually any semiconductor material has been developed by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley. This technology opens the door to the use of plentiful, relatively inexpensive semiconductors, such as the promising metal oxides, sulfides and phosphides, that have been considered unsuitable for solar cells because it is so difficult to taylor their properties by chemical means.

"It's time we put bad materials to good use," says physicist Alex Zettl, who led this research along with colleague Feng Wang. "Our technology allows us to sidestep the difficulty in chemically tailoring many earth abundant, non-toxic semiconductors and instead tailor these materials simply by applying an electric field."

Zettl, who holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division and UC Berkeley's Physics Department where he directs the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS), is the corresponding author of a paper describing this work in the journal Nano Letters. The paper is titled "Screening-

Engineered Field-Effect Solar Cells." Co-authoring it were William Regan, Steven Byrnes, Will Gannett, Onur Ergen, Oscar Vazquez-Mena and Feng Wang.

Solar cells convert sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect meaning they absorb photons and release electrons that can be channeled into an electrical current. Photovoltaics are the ultimate source of clean, green and renewable energy but today's technologies utilize relatively scarce and expensive semiconductors, such as large crystals of silicon, or thin films of cadmium telluride or copper indium gallium selenide, that are tricky or expensive to fabricate into devices.

"Solar technologies today face a cost-to-efficiency trade-off that has slowed widespread implementation," Zettl says. "Our technology reduces the cost and complexity of fabricating solar cells and thereby provides what could be an important cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative that would accelerate the usage of solar energy."

This new technology is called "screening-engineered field-effect photovoltaics," or SFPV, because it utilizes the electric field effect, a well understood phenomenon by which the concentration of charge-carriers in a semiconductor is altered by the application of an electric field. With the SFPV technology, a carefully designed partially screening top electrode lets the gate electric field sufficiently penetrate the electrode and more uniformly modulate the semiconductor carrier concentration and type to induce a p-n junction. This enables the creation of high quality p-n junctions in semiconductors that are difficult if not impossible to dope by conventional chemical methods.

"Our technology requires only electrode and gate deposition, without the need for high-temperature chemical doping, ion implantation, or other expensive or damaging processes," says lead author William Regan. "The key to our success is the minimal screening of the gate field which is achieved through geometric structuring of the top electrode. This makes it possible for electrical contact to and carrier modulation of the semiconductor to be performed simultaneously."

Under the SFPV system, the architecture of the top electrode is structured so that at least one of the electrode's dimensions is confined. In one configuration, working with copper oxide, the Berkeley researchers shaped the electrode contact into narrow fingers; in another configuration, working with silicon, they made the top contact ultra-thin (single layer graphene) across the surface. With sufficiently narrow fingers, the gate field creates a low electrical resistance inversion layer between the fingers and a potential barrier beneath them. A uniformly thin top contact allows gate fields to penetrate and deplete/invert the underlying semiconductor. The results in both configurations are high quality p-n junctions.

Says co-author Feng Wang, "Our demonstrations show that a stable, electrically contacted p-n junction can be achieved with nearly any semiconductor and any electrode material through the application of a gate field provided that the electrode is appropriately geometrically structured."

The researchers also demonstrated the SFPV effect in a self-gating configuration, in which the gate was powered internally by the electrical activity of the cell itself.

"The self-gating configuration eliminates the need for an external gate power source, which will simplify the practical implementation of SFPV devices," Regan says. "Additionally, the gate can serve a dual role as an antireflection coating, a feature already common and necessary for high efficiency photovoltaics."

###

This research was supported in part by the DOE Office of Science and in part by the National Science Foundation.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) addresses the world's most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab's scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. For more, visit www.lbl.gov.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/dbnl-pfa072612.php

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Wright Family USA - Are these kids all yours?: The You We Adore ...

This is a book we were asked if we wanted from the author.....Ummm.....YES!!!!

LOVE NEW ADOPTION BOOKS!!!!!!!!? This is one our kiddos LOVE!? We have a few in our home, some about international adoption, some about domestic adoption, of course none about foster care adoption- hmmm.....WE NEED MORE OF THOSE!

THIS BOOK however is a more general book about adoption that can be about any adoption WHICH I LOVE!? I LOVE that it applies to all adoptions.? I love the colorful pictures :)? It is a simple story line and not complicated and it makes it perfect!

You can't get it other places, but you can read the book online to see if you enjoy it as much as we did!!!? You can order it from HERE. ? Makes a GREAT GIFT for others you know who are adopting- whichever way, and for your new child you brought home through adoption, or to help your children understand adoption and open the door to talk with them.? :)

TWO THUMBS UP!!!!?

Source: http://arethesekidsallyours.blogspot.com/2012/07/the-you-we-adore-by-valerie-westfall.html

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Specialist Laptop and PC Repair Services Online | Technology

Computers are really much easier to fix these days than they were many years ago. The growing availability of information on blogs etc. has allowed most people a quick-fix information to repairing and troubleshooting their own computers without necessity to take it to a expert. So you will need a specialist company with proven experience in plenty of fields, not only Mac or personal computer repair London, PC maintenance but also virus removal and performing onsite computer repairs.

The Laptop repair specialists tune in to the problem described very carefully, because the diagnosis is the most critical moment with the whole repair process. You probably understand that laptops and notebooks have different guidelines for troubleshooting. You may either be in a significant meeting doing a presentation on your laptop or you may well be at home listening to your favored music. Your machine can let an individual down at any unexpected moment. This is when you will require the expertise of the professionals as well as the computer repair specialists.

Source: http://toolanddieing.com/specialist-laptop-and-pc-repair-services-online/

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Tulsa OK Real Estate - 3236 S 88th Tulsa OK 74145 MLS# 1222606

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Source: http://www.davenportcompany.com/blog/3236-s-88th-tulsa-ok-74145-1222606.html

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TERROR-FREE INVESTING: An Interview With the Patriot Fund's ...

Americans are all-too familiar with the fact that Wall Street has fully embraced Shariah-Compliant Finance. The so-called titans of the financial world have prostituted themselves and their companies in attempts to gain access to petrodollars in the hands of individuals, governments and institutions that adhere to a doctrine that is diametrically opposed to everything American liberty and free enterprise stand for.

No where is this more epitomized than in the case of HSBC, which is one of the Western world?s leaders in Shariah-Compliant Finance and has recently been fined after having been revealed to have been a facilitator for terrorism financing, money laundering and narco-terrorism.

This sorry record illustrates one of the true shames on Wall Street: while Wall Street has embraced Shariah Finance, they have all but ignored?and in some cases have actively suppressed?the polar opposite of Shariah Finance: Terror-Free Investing.

Terror-Free Investing (TFI) is the practice of investing in such a way as to exclude investments in companies that have active business ties in nations that are listed as state sponsors of terrorism. The most prominent example of such a nation is obviously the Islamic Republic of Iran, the world?s most active state sponsor of Jihadist terrorism. Iran also happens to be the world leader in Shariah-Compliant Finance, which is no coincidence.

SFW is fortunate to be able to present this interview with America?s leading expert on Terror-Free Investing, Mark Langerman of the Patriot Fund.

The Patriot Fund is currently the only mutual fund being offered to American investors that is terror-free.

SFW: 1. What exactly is ?terror-free? investing?

Mark Langerman: Terror Free Investing (TFI)? gives people Power. One of the reasons people invest in mutual funds is to give the portfolio manager investment powers to make buy and sell decisions on their behalf. But, most people aren?t aware and don?t fully understand the implications of their choices ?of who they invest ?with and how it can and does in fact effect our national security and the safety of our men and women in uniform. Most people are not aware that the soft drink manufacturers or the auto makers that they invest through their mutual funds and retirement plans ?pump vital money and resources into regimes that are killing Americans through their support of terrorism.? When you invest in an international conglomerate that sells everything from computer systems to technology that can be ?re-purposed? for military use to Iran or Syria, you are in essence supplying them with what they need to wage their war on the West.? It?s less about the Coke or Pepsi, its more about the dollars that stream to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) to do their dirty work. It?is?about the communications equipment that Siemens sells them that they can use to further their nuclear program or the spare plane parts that Boeing sells them to keep their planes in the air. ?Simply put,??TFI gives people the opportunity to take a stand and actually be part of the economic war on terror, but not the only benefit. Investing terror-free also potentially reduces shareholder risk by avoiding investment in volatile, terrorism-dependent economies (countries known as high ?global security risks?). TFI is investment with a purpose, a movement meant to change corporate behavior and reward investors with a clear conscience?and superior returns on their investments.

SFW: 2. When we refer to ?terror-free? investing, we?re not referring to individuals and entities on the Treasury Department?s OFAC (Office of Foreign Assets Control) list, but rather companies that choose to give corporate life support to terrorist nations, correct??

Mark Langerman: Yes, that?s correct. These companies which now stand at over 600 globally are the lifeblood of these terrorist economies.

SFW: 3. There has been a great deal of talk over the years that state sponsorship of terrorism was no longer the major concern because of the emergence of ?transnational? terrorist groups like Al Qaeda. That?s not necessarily true is it??And even Al Qaeda has benefited from relations with these nations, correct?

Mark Langerman: Ask yourself what country?s plot to assassinate people on American soil was recently uncovered? ?What country supports insurgents abroad who are fighting American soldiers? What country?s proxies were involved in blowing up the Marine barracks in Lebanon that killed 241 American service men and women and injured scores more. And yes, even Al-Qaeda has benefitted and by some measures are still benefitting from their relationships with state sponsors of terrorism. That country is, of course, Iran.

SFW: 4. What other Jihadist terrorist organizations receive aid and comfort from the nations targeted by the Patriot Fund??

Mark Langerman: Terrorism doesn?t happen in a vacuum, terrorist organizations need that support of sympathetic countries to run their organizations. In addition to Al Qaeda, which we just talked about, Hezbollah and HAMAS have both benefited from state sponsorship from Iran, Syria and Sudan, for instance.

SFW: 5. Which nations are targeted under terror-free investment policies?

Mark Langerman:?Iran, Syria, North Korea and Sudan

SFW: 6. This seems like a category that Wall Street is ignoring, despite the horror that they faced on September 11th, 2001. What prompted you to go against the grain and get involved in terror-free investment management?

Mark Langerman: After over 20 years as a financial advisor, I was at a conference in Washington D.C. and sat through two breakouts sessions that discussed the growing movement to engage state governments to divest their pension fund portfolios from companies doing business with Iran. Which is something you know quite a bit about yourself and your efforts in a way helped to inspire my work to educate Americans about the problem and ultimately provide a solution for them. When I got back to Arizona and started researching more about this, and the more I learned, the more shocked I was that ?this was going on and more importantly that Wall Street had done nothing about it. I immediately knew then ?that I had to do what I can to make a difference.

SFW: 7. The Patriot Fund is probably the world?s only terror-free mutual fund, but you actually have been in the terror free investment management business for some time. Is that correct?

Mark Langerman: Yes, that conference in D.C. took place over 5 years ago in the spring of 2007 and we have been educating and providing people with the opportunity to invest terror-free since then. At first investing terror-free was limited to our own clients but the Patriot Fund is the solution we have been waiting for since it gives people across all financial and political spectrums regardless of who your financial advisor is a way to invest terror-free.

SFW: 8. Most Americans would be shocked to learn that companies that they invest in have active business ties to terrorist-sponsoring nations. With all the reports and talk of the ever-escalating sanctions on Iran in particular, how many companies are still doing business in and with Iran, Sudan and Syria??

Mark Langerman: Over 600 globally including over 10% of the S&P 500 representing over $1,400,000,000,000.00 (yes that trillion ) of market capitalization.

SFW: 9. Is it true that Chinese companies especially do a great deal of business with Iran? What other nations of note have companies with extensive active ties to these terrorist nations??

Mark Langerman: As of March 31^st?2012, China had 37 companies, India had 52 and the U.S. had 53. Kind of surprising and disappointing.

SFW: 10. Does terror-free methodology inhibit investment performance?

Mark Langerman: No. In fact we believe that since TFI reduces ?global security risk in your portfolio that this may add to performance over time. We have data that shows over the past 8 years a terror free portfolio has outperformed its non-terror-free counterpart 5 of those last 8 years. That?s one of our strongest points when talking to people about investing terror free, that they can make a difference and help fight terrorism while still doing ?well financially for their families.

SFW: 11. Does terror-free methodology add any risk to a portfolio??

Mark Langerman: No, the terror free methodology reduces risk.

SFW: 12. Why do you think Wall Street has been so slow on the uptake in terms of terror-free investing?

Mark Langerman: I think that Wall Street and Main Street have had divergent interests in many areas over the years. Wall Street has to do well for people in the long run but how they get there is a different story and I think that as movements like terror-free investing grow in strength and numbers they will have to stand up and take notice and ultimately start offering terror-free alternatives to their clients.? We could also spend hours taking about other reasons I think they haven?t taken it up but maybe we can save that for another time.

For more information on the Patriot Fund, visit the fund?s web site:

http://www.patriotfund.com/

Source: http://www.shariahfinancewatch.org/blog/2012/07/25/terror-free-investing-an-interview-with-the-patriot-funds-mark-langerman/

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Native English Speaking Health Writer Wanted | Academic Writing ...

Bids?
4

Avg Bid (USD)
$55

Project Budget (USD)

$30-$250

Prepaid Milestone Payment

$ USD

• Project ID:

  2351989

• Project Type:

  Fixed

Project Description:

Hello,

We?re looking for a native English speaking writer to write 10 health articles. Topics typically range from general health to foods and digestion.

There is a minimum of 550 words each. Writer should have SEO experience of keyword density in content writing

The subjects and keywords will be provided to the winning bidder.

Please provide writing sample and qualifications. ALL WORK AND HEALTH STATEMENTS MUST BE CITED. References should be in AMA or MLA format.

All written work have to be original, and well written. Plagiarized work will not be tolerated. All work will be scanned by Turnitin and Copyscape.

Dieticians and health professionals are strongly encouraged to apply.

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Please provide a writing sample and list your qualifications.

*The Winning Bidder must be able to provide their general personal information for a ?Work for Hire Agreement?; if you don?t know what this is or have a problem with this DO NOT BID.

Upon successful completion of this project, the writer(s) will be given a chance for a long term business relationship.

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Source: http://www.freelancer.com/projects/Blog-Technical-Writing/Native-English-Speaking-Health-Writer.html

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Hotel replaces Bibles with 'Fifty Shades of Grey'

By A. Pawlowski, NBC News contributor

Bibles in nightstands are a familiar amenity for hotel guests, but travelers seeking to read their favorite verse at one establishment will be in for a big surprise.

The Damson Dene Hotel, which touts itself as the perfect destination for a ?peaceful break away from it all? in England?s picturesque Lake District, is making quite a noise for replacing the Bible with ?Fifty Shades of Grey? in its 40 guest rooms.

The steamy novel ? part of a trilogy by author E.L. James ??has become a worldwide blockbuster thanks in large part to the graphic sex scenes that have its main characters engaging in bondage, sadomasochism and other exploits.

Damson Dene owner Jonathan Denby, who bought the hotel from a Methodist group 10 years ago, said he had been pondering for a long time what to do with the Gideons Bibles that had been placed in the rooms by the previous proprietors.

---

He decided that in a modern secular society it was ?wholly inappropriate? to keep a religious book in people?s private bedrooms, so the search was on for a replacement.

?I was thinking originally of putting in a book by Ayn Rand ???Atlas Shrugged? was my first thought,? Denby told NBC News.

?(But) because everybody is reading ?Fifty Shades of Grey,? we thought it would be a hospitable thing to do, to have this available for our guests, especially if some of them were a little bit shy about buying it because of its reputation.?

The choice to offer ?Fifty Shades of Grey? was done purely for fun and just because the novel is so popular, not for any deep philosophical reason, Denby added, noting that he himself has not read the book.

Related: New UK hotel swaps Bibles for Kindles

The switch was made earlier this month, prompting cheers, jeers and lots of media attention.

Not surprisingly, the local vicar has been an outspoken critic. The Rev. Michael Woodcock ??the parish priest at St. Mary?s Church in Crosthwaite, where the hotel is located ??declined to comment for this article, but he told British media that the hotel?s decision is just a gimmick.

?It is a great shame that Bibles have been removed from rooms and very inappropriate to have been replaced by an explicit erotic novel,? Woodcock told The Westmorland Gazette.

Live Poll

Which book would you be more likely to pick up in your hotel room?

• 188004

  The Bible

  37%

• 188005

  "Fifty Shades of Grey"

  43%

• 188006

  Neither

  21%

VoteTotal Votes: 29562

?The Bible remains a source of comfort and inspiration that many people do find helpful.?

The hotel has also received plenty of public feedback criticizing the move, most of it from the United States, Denby noted. The Gideons Bible isn?t as common in England as it is in the U.S., he added.

?People in the States feel much more strongly,? he said. ?We?ve had quite a few e-mails quoting the scriptures to us and suggesting that it would be a good thing to put the Bible back.?

Still, most guests ?have loved? discovering ?Fifty Shades of Grey? in their rooms, Denby said. The hotel is also accommodating those who want to read the Bible, updating its guest handbooks to let travelers know that copies are available at the reception desk.

?We?re not disposing of the books. We?re keeping them and if people want to borrow them, then they?re very welcome to,? Denby said.

More on Overhead Bin

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?

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Source: http://overheadbin.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/24/12909862-hotel-replaces-bibles-with-fifty-shades-of-grey?lite

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/rapper-booked-collision-korea-041757356.html

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Energy Stocks on Sale: Buy the Dip ? Investing Daily

As the global economy slows, the energy sec?tor has suffered a selloff as anxious investors fret over weakening demand. In recent months, West Texas Intermediate crude, the US benchmark for oil prices, fell from a high of about $110 per barrel to its current level of about $85 per barrel, while the Eu?ropean benchmark Brent crude dropped from around $130 per barrel to $100 per barrel.

Despite these concerns, reports from the US Depart?ment of Energy and the International Energy Agen?cy show global reserves of crude oil are down, even though energy demand is now projected to grow faster than previously estimated.

So this moment of weakness offers an excellent op?portunity to pick up shares of energy-related com?panies such as Weatherford International (NYSE: WFT), which is currently trading near the bottom of its 52-week range.

In addition to a sluggish macroeconomic environ?ment, Weatherford has also been navigating a tax accounting storm. In March, the company reported it would be forced to restate earnings as far back as 2007 due to an estimated $500 million in tax accounting er?rors related to weak internal controls. That marks the second time the company has had to contend with tax issues in less than a year.

While these tax problems have understandably shaken investors? confidence in management?and claimed the job of the company?s chief accounting of?ficer?they aren?t expected to have a hugely materi?al impact on the company. And malfeasance doesn?t seem to be an issue here. Rather, with 543 subsidiar?ies and other assorted operations spanning the globe, the errors seem to stem from a misinterpretation of ac?counting rules. Tax reporting has also been complicat?ed by the fact that Weatherford has changed its coun?try of domicile twice over the past decade, moving from the US to Bermuda and then to Switzerland.

Nevertheless, Weatherford actually has a lot going for it.

The company is the leading supplier of artificial lift equipment, which is used to increase the flow of liq?uids from wells, boosting production from mature wells and allowing more residual liquids to be re?moved. The technology is also useful in extracting oil from unconventional wells, which are often in low-pressure environments. Additionally, the company has keenly focused on offshore oil projects around the world, which is a corner of the oil market that?s garner?ing increasing attention from major oil producers.

Weatherford has built a strong international busi?ness, particularly in Latin America where there have been a number of new oil discoveries, such as the vast Libra field off the coast of Brazil. The company also has a growing presence in Africa, which has become an increasingly attractive market following a series of major oil and gas finds over the past decade. In the Middle East, the company recently signed an $850 million long-term contract to provide services in Iraq.

Weatherford?s revenue growth has outpaced its in?dustry peers over the past few quarters, which enabled earnings to jump 70 percent in the first quarter from a year ago. Meanwhile, shares of the company?s stock are trading at a discount on both a price-to-book and price-to-sales basis.

All it would take to spur the next ascent in Weath?erford?s shares is a slight improvement in the glob?al economy and energy prices. In the meantime, the company is also an attractive takeover target for its larger competitors, such as Schlumberger (NYSE: SLB) or even Halliburton (NYSE: HAL), which would love to get a hold of Weatherford?s proprietary technologies and book of business.

?

What do you think of this article? Please post your feedback in the ?comments? section below!

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Reference and Education Articles Blog: Online Continuing ? blog ...

There has been an upward trend in online education for the last six to eight years. The stigma of online education started to disappear when large, accredited schools starting offering online degrees. Many adults returning to school take online classes. A typical online student works full time and has a family. They cannot attend classes on a weekly basis but, still need additional education to advance their career. Online classes have a lot to offer students. First and foremost, they are more flexible than classroom courses. Many programs are asynchronous, meaning you do not have to be online at a specific time for an online chat or lecture. Most classes consist of case studies, discussion board postings, and quizzes. Second, you can complete the online courses from anywhere in the world with internet access. You can do your assignments from your home, office or even automobile! This feature is very beneficial because you are able to save money on gas, not worry about parking and complete your homework no matter where you are located. Finally, for most Universities you are learning the same information online as you would if you were sitting in a classroom. Meaning, you are not getting any type of discounted degree. This feature is probably the most important. Many professors actually teach both online and classroom courses making sure the content of the courses are the same. This is also important because you will be receiving the same degree and diploma as a student who did all of their coursework on campus.

Expense is another factor to consider when looking into online courses. Many times colleges and Universities will drop their tuition rate for online classes. Since there is no real overhead they are able to offer the same degree programs at a lower cost. Students really appreciate this and take advantage of it all the time. They receive the same education and degree at a discounted price. As long as the school is accredited any employer should accept the degree. It should not matter if the program was done online or on campus. Regional accreditation will allow a student to transfer classes from one school to another or pursue higher education; such as a master?s degree or PhD. This is very important since you never know where life could take you in the future. Don?t waste your time and money completing a degree from a school that is not regionally accredited!

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